Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, haunted skies over the island of Kvaløya, near Tromsø Norway on December 13, 2009. This 30-second long exposure records their shimmering glow gently lighting the wintery coastal scene. A study in contrasts, it also captures the sudden flash of a fireball meteor from December’s excellent Geminid meteor shower. Streaking past familiar stars in the handle of the Big Dipper, the trail points back toward the constellation Gemini, off the top of the view. Both aurora and meteors occur in Earth’s upper atmosphere at altitudes of 100 kilometers or so, but aurora are caused by energetic charged particles from the magnetosphere, while meteors are trails of cosmic dust. Credit & Copyright: Bjørnar G. Hansen
The Geminid meteor shower is active for much of December, but the peak occurs from the night of the 13th into the morning of the 14th. Meteor rates in rural areas can be upwards of one per minute this year with minimal moonlight to interfere.
Bill Cooke, lead for the Meteoroid Environment Office at NASAEstablished in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government that succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). It is responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. Its vision is "To discover and expand knowledge for the benefit of humanity." Its core values are "safety, integrity, teamwork, excellence, and inclusion." NASA conducts research, develops technology and launches missions to explore and study Earth, the solar system, and the universe beyond. It also works to advance the state of knowledge in a wide range of scientific fields, including Earth and space science, planetary science, astrophysics, and heliophysics, and it collaborates with private companies and international partners to achieve its goals.” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, shares why the Geminids particularly excite him: “Most meteors appear to be colorless or white, however the Geminids appear with a greenish hue. They’re pretty meteors!”
Depending on the meteor’s chemical composition, the meteor will emit different colors when burned in the Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen, magnesium, and nickel usually produce green.
As with all meteor showers, all you need is a clear sky, darkness, a bit of patience, and perhaps warm outerwear and blankets for this one. You don’t need to look in any particular direction; meteors can generally be seen all over the sky.
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What are some skywatching highlights in December 2023? Clear skies will make for ideal viewing of the Geminid meteor shower, and grab your binoculars to search for asteroid Vesta.
Geminid Meteor Shower
The Geminid Meteor Shower is one of the most enchanting and eagerly awaited celestial events of the year. Known for its reliability and intensity, this meteor shower transforms the night sky into a cosmic dance floor, where streaks of light dash and weave, creating a spellbinding spectacle.
Originating from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, the Geminids are a unique phenomenon. Unlike most meteor showers that stem from comets, the Geminids come from this mysterious rocky object, shedding light on the intricate relationships between comets and asteroids in our solar system. Every December, Earth passes through the debris trail of 3200 Phaethon, and as these fragments collide with our atmosphere, they ignite to create the meteor shower’s dazzling display.
Geminid meteor shower.
What sets the Geminid Meteor Shower apart is its stunning brilliance and color. These meteors often appear as bright, multicolored streaks, with predominant hues of green, red, and yellow, a result of the various metals like sodium, calcium, and magnesium burning up in the Earth’s atmosphere. The Geminids also boast an impressive rate, showering the sky with up to 120 meteors per hour under optimal conditions, making it one of the most prolific showers visible from Earth.
This meteor shower is named after the constellation Gemini, as the meteors seem to radiate from a point near this constellation, known as the radiant. However, the beauty of the Geminids can be appreciated from almost any point in the night sky, making it a universal treat for stargazers across the globe.
For those eager to witness this celestial event, the best time to view the Geminid Meteor Shower is typically around mid-December. The absence of moonlight during its peak often provides ideal dark skies for an unobstructed view. Observers are advised to find a spot away from city lights, give their eyes time to adjust to the darkness, and simply look up to enjoy the natural fireworks.
In essence, the Geminid Meteor Shower is not just a stunning astronomical event; it’s a reminder of the dynamic and ever-changing universe we are a part of. It’s a cosmic spectacle that brings together professional astronomers, amateur stargazers, and even the casually curious, all united by the awe-inspiring beauty of our night sky.
Source: SciTechDaily
