Scientists Have Developed an Engineered Protein That Improves Memory

Researchers from the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at the Catholic University, Rome and the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS have developed an engineered protein that boosts memory.

Neuroscientists at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Catholic University, Rome, and the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS have genetically modified a molecule, the protein LIMK1, which is normally active in the brain, with a key role in memory.

They added a “molecular switch” that is activated by administering a drug, rapamycin, known for its several anti-aging effects on the brain.

Collaborative Study with Significant Implications

This is the result of a study published in the journal Science Advances<em>Science Advances</em> is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal that is published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). It was launched in 2015 and covers a wide range of topics in the natural sciences, including biology, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, materials science, and physics.” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]”>Science Advances, which involves the Catholic University, Rome, and the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS. The study was coordinated by Claudio Grassi, Full Professor of Physiology and Director of the Department of Neuroscience.

The research, supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, the American Alzheimer’sAlzheimer's disease is a disease that attacks the brain, causing a decline in mental ability that worsens over time. It is the most common form of dementia and accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. There is no current cure for Alzheimer's disease, but there are medications that can help ease the symptoms.” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]”>Alzheimer’s Association Foundation, and the Italian Ministry of Health, has great potential applications, by improving our understanding of memory function and facilitating the identification of innovative solutions for neuropsychiatric diseases like dementia.

The Role of LIMK1 in Memory Processes

The LIMK1 protein plays a crucial role in determining structural changes in neurons, namely the formation of dendritic spines, which enhance information transmission in neural networks and are crucial in learning and memory processes.

Prof. Claudio Grassi, senior author of the study, explains: “Memory is a complex process that involves modifications in synapses, which are the connections between neurons, in specific brain areas such as the hippocampus, which is a neural structure playing a critical role in memory formation.

“This phenomenon, known as synaptic plasticity, involves changes in the structure and function of synapses that occur when a neural circuit is activated, for example, by sensory experiences. These experiences promote the activation of complex signaling pathways involving numerous proteins” Prof. Grassi adds.

“Some of these proteins are particularly important for memory, in fact, reduced expression or modifications of these proteins are associated with alterations in cognitive functions. One of these proteins is LIMK1. The goal of our study was to regulate the activity of this protein, as it plays a key role in the maturation of dendritic spines between neurons. Controlling LIMK1 with a drug means being able to promote synaptic plasticity and, therefore, the physiological processes that depend on it,” Prof. Grassi emphasizes.

Chemogenetic Strategy: A New Approach to Memory Enhancement

Cristian Ripoli, Associate Professor of Physiology at the Catholic University, and first author of the study, adds: “The key to this innovative ‘chemogenetic’ strategy, which combines genetics and chemistry, is precisely linked to the use of rapamycin”, an immunosuppressive drug known to increase life expectancy and for its beneficial effects on the brain, in preclinical models.”

“We have therefore modified the sequence of the LIMK1 protein by inserting a molecular switch that allowed us to activate it, on command, through the administration of rapamycin,” Prof. Ripoli emphasizes.

“In animals with age-related cognitive decline, using this gene therapy to modify the LIMK1 protein and activate it with the drug resulted in a significant memory improvement. This approach allows us to manipulate synaptic plasticity processes and memory in physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, it paves the way for the development of further ‘engineered’ proteins that could revolutionize research and therapy in the field of neurology,” the expert emphasizes.

“The next step will be to verify the effectiveness of this treatment in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases exhibiting memory deficits, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies will also be necessary to validate the use of this technology in humans,” Prof. Grassi concludes.

Reference: “Engineering memory with an extrinsically disordered kinase” by Cristian Ripoli, Onur Dagliyan, Pietro Renna, Francesco Pastore, Fabiola Paciello, Raimondo Sollazzo, Marco Rinaudo, Martina Battistoni, Sara Martini, Antonella Tramutola, Andrea Sattin, Eugenio Barone, Takeo Saneyoshi, Tommaso Fellin, Yasunori Hayashi and Claudio Grassi, 15 November 2023, Science Advances.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1110