A landmark study highlights education’s crucial role in extending life expectancy, with each additional year of schooling reducing mortality risk by 2%. It underscores the need for global educational investments to combat health inequalities, especially in under-researched low-income regions. Credit: SciTechDaily.com
Every additional year of education is estimated by scientists to reduce mortality by 2 percent.
Education improves health and longevity for people of all ages, genders, geographical locations, and socio-demographic backgrounds, according to the latest and largest study of its kind recently published in The LancetFounded in 1823 by Thomas Wakley, The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is one of the world's oldest, most prestigious, and best known general medical journals. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles ("seminars" and "reviews"), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has editorial offices in London, New York, and Beijing. ” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>The Lancet Public Health.
Researchers have known that those who reach higher levels of schooling live longer than others, but they didn’t know to what extent until now. What they found was that the risk of death drops by two percent with every additional year of education. That means those who completed six years of primary school had a lower risk of death by an average of 13 percent. After graduating from secondary school, the risk of dying was cut by nearly 25 percent, and 18 years of education lowered the risk by 34 percent.
Comparing Education with Other Health Factors
Researchers also compared the effects of education to other risk factors such as eating a healthy diet, smoking, and drinking too much alcohol, and they found the health outcomes to be similar. For example, the benefit of 18 years of education can be compared to that of eating the ideal amount of vegetables, as opposed to not eating vegetables at all. Not going to school at all is as bad for you as drinking five or more alcoholic drinks per day or smoking ten cigarettes a day for 10 years.
“Education is important in its own right, not just for its benefits on health, but now being able to quantify the magnitude of this benefit is a significant development,” said Dr. Terje Andreas Eikemo, co-author and head of Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
While the benefits of education are greatest for young people, those older than 50 and even 70 years still benefit from the protective effects of education.
Global Impact of Education on Health
Researchers found no significant difference in the effects of education between countries that have reached different stages of development. This means that more years of education is just as effective in rich countries as in poor countries.
“We need to increase social investments to enable access to better and more education around the globe to stop the persistent inequalities that are costing lives,” said Mirza Balaj, co-lead author and postdoctoral fellow at NTNU’s Department of Sociology and Political Science. “More education leads to better employment and higher income, better access to healthcare, and helps us take care of our own health. Highly educated people also tend to develop a larger set of social and psychological resources that contribute to their health and the length of their lives.”
“Closing the education gap means closing the mortality gap, and we need to interrupt the cycle of poverty and preventable deaths with the help of international commitment,” said Claire Henson, co-lead author and researcher at Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of WashingtonFounded in 1861, the University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington, with additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell. Classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, UW is a member of the Association of American Universities.” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>University of Washington’s School of Medicine. “In order to reduce inequalities in mortality, it’s important to invest in areas that promote people’s opportunities to get an education. This can have a positive effect on population health in all countries.”
The study identified data from 59 countries and included over 10,000 data points collected from over 600 published articles. Most of the studies reviewed for this study were from high-income settings, highlighting the need for more research in low- and middle-income countries, particularly from sub-Saharan and north Africa where data are scarce.
“Our focus now should be on regions of the world where we know access to schooling is low, and where there is also limited research on education as a determinant of health,” said Dr. Emmanuela Gakidou, co-author and professor at IHME.
Reference: “Effects of education on adult mortality: a global systematic review and meta-analysis” by Mirza Balaj, Claire A. Henson, Amanda Aronsson, Aleksandr Aravkin, Kathryn Beck, Claire Degail, Lorena Donadello, Kristoffer Eikemo, Joseph Friedman, Anna Giouleka, Indrit Gradeci, Simon I. Hay, Magnus Rom Jensen, Susan A. Mclaughlin, Erin C. Mullany, Erin M. O’connell, Kam Sripada, Donata Stonkute, Reed J.D. Sorensen, Solvor Solhaug, Hanne Dahl Vonen, Celine Westby, Peng Zheng, Talal Mohammad, Terje Andreas Eikemo and Emmanuela Gakidou, 23 January 2024, The Lancet Public Health.
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00306-7
Source: SciTechDaily
